COWS (opioid withdrawal)

COWS: Resting pulse rate

80 or less (0)81 to 100 (1)101 to 120 (2)Greater than 120 (4)

COWS: Sweating

COWS: Restlessness

Able to sit still (0)Reports difficulty sitting still (1)Frequent shifting (3)Unable to sit still (5)

COWS: Pupil size

Normal (0)Possibly larger than normal (1)Moderately dilated (2)So dilated only rim of iris visible (5)

COWS: Bone or joint aches

None (0)Mild diffuse discomfort (1)Moderate discomfort (2)Severe discomfort (4)

COWS: Runny nose or tearing

Not present (0)Nasal stuffiness or moist eyes (1)Runny nose or tearing (2)Profuse tearing or runny nose (4)

COWS: GI upset

COWS: Tremor

No tremor (0)Tremor can be felt but not seen (1)Tremor observable (2)Gross tremor (4)

COWS: Yawning

No yawning (0)Yawning 1 to 2 times/30 min (1)Yawning 3 to 4 times/30 min (2)Yawning 5 or more times/30 min (4)

COWS: Anxiety or irritability

None (0)Mild (1)Moderate (2)Severe (4)

COWS: Gooseflesh skin

Skin is smooth (0)Piloerection (3)Prominent piloerection (5)

Result